List of extinct animals of North America

This is an incomplete list of extinct animals of North America. This list covers only extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geological period that extends from the present day back to about 10,000 radiocarbon years, approximately 11,430 ± 130 calendar years BP (between 9560 and 9300 BC).

Contents 1 Mammals 2 Birds 2.1 Birds 3 Reptiles 4 Amphibians 5 Fish 5.1 Possibly extinct 6 Crustaceans 7 Insects 8 Arachnids 9 Mollusks 10 See also 11 References

Mammals

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 AD)

• American cheetahs Miracinonyx trumani and Miracinonyx inexpectatus, 11000 BC.
• American lion Panthera leo atrox, USA, Canada and Mexico, 10000 BC
• American mastodon Mammut americanum, USA and Canada, 4080 BC
• American scimitar cats Homotherium, ssp., USA, Canada, Mexico, 10000 BC
• Ancient bison Bison antiquus, USA, 8000 BC.
• Beringian cave lion Panthera leo vereshchagini, Northern USA and Canada, 11000 BC.
• California tapirs Tapirus californicus and Tapirus merriami, USA, 11000 BC.
• Caribbean ground sloths, ssp. Caribbean islands, 5000 BC.
• Columbian mammoth Mammuthus columbi, USA and Mexico, 5800 BC.
• Dire wolf Canis dirus, USA, Canada, Mexico, 8000 BC.
• Florida giant beaver Castoroides leiseyorum, Florida, USA, 11000 BC.
• Florida saber-toothed cat Xenosmilus hodsonae, USA, 11000 BC.
• Florida spectacled bear Tremarctos floridanus, USA, 8000 BC.
• Giant beaver Castoroides ohioensis, Great Lakes region, 11000 BC.
• Giant hutia ssp. Caribbean islands, 1000 BC.
• Giant polar bear Ursus maritimus tyrannus, Arctic region.
• Giant short-faced bear Arctodus simus, USA, 8000 BC.
• Glyptotherium ssp. USA and Mexico, 8000 BC.
• Hagerman horse Equus simplicidens, USA, 10000 BC.
• Harlan's ground sloth Paramylodon harlani, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
• Harlan's muskox or Woodland Muskox Bootherium bombifrons, USA, 9000 BC.
• Harrington's mountain goat Oreamnos harringtoni, USA, 12000 10000 BC.
• Ice Age bison Bison latifrons, Canada, USA and Mexico, 22000 BC.
• Imperial mammoth Mammuthus imperator, USA, 11000 BC.
• Jefferson's ground sloth Megalonyx jeffersonii, USA and Canada, 10000-9000BC.
• Large-headed llama Hemiauchenia macrocephala, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
• LeConte’s peccary Platygonus, ssp. USA, Canada and Mexico, 11000 BC.
• Long-nosed peccary Mylohyus nasutus, ssp. USA, 9,000 BC.
• Mountain deer Navahoceros fricki USA, 10000 BC.
• Mexican horse, Equus conversidens USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
• North American capybara Neochoerus pinckneyi, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
• Northern pampathere Holmesina septentrionalis, USA, 11000 BC.
• Panamerican ground sloth Eremotherium laurillardi, Canada, USA, Mexico, 11000 BC.
• Pygmy mammoth Mammuthus exilis, Channel Islands of California, USA, 10800-11300 BC.
• Saber-tooth cats Smilodon fatalis and Smilodon populator, North and South America, 8000 BC.
• Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica, USA and Canada, 11000 BC.
• Shasta ground sloth Nothrotheriops, spp. USA, 11000 BC.
• Scott's horse Equus scotti, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
• Shrub-ox Euceratherium collinum 9500 BC
• Stag-moose Cervalces scotti, USA and Canada, 12000 BC.
• Steppe wisent Bison priscus, Canada and Alaska, 12000 BC.
• Stilt-legged llama Hemiauchenia macrocephala, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
• Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica, USA, 11000 BC
• Tar-pit pronghorn Capromeryx minor, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
• Western camel Camelops hesternus, USA and Mexico, 8000 BC.
• Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius, Northern USA, 2000 BC.
• Yukon wild horse Equus lambei, USA and Canada, 11000 BC.

Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)

• Antillean Cave Rat
• Insular Cave Rat Heteropsomys insulans, 1600s
• Corozal Rat
• Eastern Cougar Puma concolor couguar, 2011
• Puerto Rican Shrew Nesophontes edithae. 1600s
• Puerto Rican Long-nosed Bat Monophyllus frater
• Puerto Rican Long-tongued Bat
• Lesser Puerto Rican Ground Sloth
• Sherman's Pocket Gopher
• Goff's Pocket Gopher Geomys pinetis goffi
• Tacoma Pocket Gopher Thomomys mazama tacomensis
• Giant Deer Mouse
• Pallid Beach Mouse Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus, 1959
• Gull Island Vole Microtus pennsylvanicus nesophilus, 1897
• Louisiana Vole
• Puerto Rican Hutia Isolobodon portoricensis
• Puerto Rican Paca
• Lesser Puerto Rican Agouti
• Greater Puerto Rican Agouti
• Sea Mink Mustela macrodon, 1860
• Caribbean Monk Seal Monachus tropicalis, 1952
• Steller's Sea Cow Hydrodamalis gigas, 1768
• Columbia Basin Pygmy Rabbit subpopulation of Pygmy Rabbit
• Arizona Wapiti
• Colorado Hog-nosed Skunk
• Smith Island Cottontail
• Allen's Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel
• Banks Island Wolf Canis lupus bernardi, 1920
• Cascade Mountains Wolf Canis lupus fuscus, 1940
• Antillean Giant Rice Rat
• Eastern Elk Cervus canadensis canadiensis, 1887
• Merriam's Elk Cervus canadensis merriami, 1913
• Arizona Jaguar Panthera onca arizonensis, 1905
• Tule Shrew Sorex ornatus juncensis, 1905

Birds

Prehistoric extinctions (begin Holocene to 1500 AD)

Birds

• Californian Turkey Meleagris californica, USA, 10,000 BC.
• Chendytes lawi California, 1800 BC.
• Merriam's Teratorn Southern USA, 8000 BC.
• Pleistocene Black Vulture Western USA.
• Saint Croix Macaw St. Croix, Virgin Islands.
• Puerto Rican Obscure Bunting Puerto Rico
• Antillean Cave Rail

Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)

• Labrador Duck
• Heath Hen
• Spectacled Cormorant
• Atitlán Grebe
• Bermuda Night Heron
• Virgin Islands Screech-Owl
• Mauge's Parakeet
• Carolina Parakeet Conuropsis carolinensis
• Passenger Pigeon Ectopistes migratorius
• Guadalupe Caracara
• Bahaman Barn Owl
• Brace's Emerald
• Gould's Emerald
• Great Auk
• Grand Cayman Thrush Turdus ravidus
• Dusky Seaside Sparrow Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens
• Guadeloupe Burrowing Owl Speotyto cunicularia guadeloupensis
• Guadeloupe Parakeet Aratinga labati (18th Century)
• Guadeloupe Parrot Amazona violacea (1779)
• Lesser Antillean Macaw Ara guadeloupensis (1760)
• Cuban Red Macaw
• Martinique House Wren Troglodytes aedon martinicensis
• Martinique Parrot Amazona martinicana (1779)
• Slender-billed Grackle Quiscalus palustris

Possibly Extinct

• Guadalupe Storm-petrel
• Bachman's Warbler
• Eskimo Curlew
• Ivory-billed Woodpecker
• Imperial Woodpecker
• Semper's Warbler

Reptiles

Prehistoric extinctions (Holocene to 1500AD)

• Mona Tortoise,

Modern extinctions (1500 AD to present)

• Navassa Curly-tailed Lizard,
• Navassa Iguana,
• Navassa Island Dwarf Boa,
• Sulcate Blind Snake,
• Saint Croix Racer,
• Martinique Giant Ameiva, Ameiva major
• Martinique Lizard, Leiocephalus herminieri (1830s)
• Ameiva cineracea (early 20th Century, Guadeloupe)

Possibly Extinct

• Culebra Island Giant Anole,

Amphibians

• Vegas Valley Leopard Frog,
• Catahoula Salamander,
• Golden Toad, Costa Rica

Possibly Extinct

• Golden Coqui,
• Mottled Coquí
• Web-footed Coquí,

Fish

• Longjaw Cisco,
• Deepwater Cisco,
• Lake Ontario Kiyi,
• Blackfin Cisco,
• Yellowfin Cutthroat Trout,
• Alvord Cutthroat Trout,
• Silver Trout,
• Maravillas Red Shiner,
• Independence Valley Tui Chub,
• Thicktail Chub,
• Pahranagat Spinedace,
• Phantom Shiner,
• Las Vegas Dace,
• Grass Valley Speckled Dace,
• Clear Lake Splittail,
• Snake River Sucker,
• Harelip Sucker,
• Tecopa Pupfish,
• Shoshone Pupfish,
• Raycraft Ranch Killifish,
• Pahrump Ranch Killifish,
• Ash Meadows Killifish,
• Amistad Gambusia,
• San Marcos Gambusia,
• Blue Walleye,
• Maryland darter,
• Utah Lake Sculpin
• Banff Longnose Dace

Possibly extinct

• Shortnose Cisco

Crustaceans

• Pasadena freshwater shrimp, Syncaris pasadenae
• Hemigrapsus estellinensis

Insects

• Pecatonica River Mayfly,
• Robert's Stonefly,
• Fort Ross Weevil,
• Mono Lake Diving Beetle,
• Xerces Blue,
• Chestnut Ermine Moth,
• American Chestnut Moth,
• Phleophaga Chestnut Moth,
• Central Valley Grasshopper,
• Rocky Mountain Locust,
• Antioch Dunes Shieldback Katydid,

Arachnids

• Caribbean Monk Seal Nasal Mite,
• Nevada Water Mite,
• Passenger Pigeon Mite,

Mollusks

• Coosa elktoe,
• Carolina elktoe,
• Ochlockonee arcmussel,
• Recovery pearly mussel,
• Arc-form pearly mussel,
• Acorn pearly mussel,
• Lewis pearly mussel,
• Nearby pearly mussel,
• Sampson's pearly mussel,
• Steward's pearly mussel,
• Turgid-blossom pearly mussel,
• Shoal sprite,
• Cahaba pebblesnail,
• Umbilicate pebblesnail,
• Mount matafao different snail,
• Short-spired elimia,
• Closed elimia,
• Fusiform elimia,
• High-spired elimia,
• Constricted elimia,
• Hearty elimia,
• Ribbed elimia,
• Rough-lined elimia,
• Pupa elimia,
• Pygmy elimia,
• Cobble elimia,
• Puzzle elimia,
• Excised slitshell,
• Striate slitshell,
• Pagoda slitshell,
• Ribbed slitshell,
• Pyramid slitshell,
• Round slitshell,
• Lined pocketbook,
• Eelgrass limpet,

See also

• List of extinct animals
• List of extinct animals of Canada
• List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands
• List of extinct animals of Asia
• List of extinct animals of Africa
• List of extinct animals of Europe
• List of extinct animals of South America
• Extinct birds
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

References

• IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 10 February 2007.

Species

Common Name

Location(s)

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